At Metro Hospitals, we recognize that Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting (CABG), commonly known as ‘heart bypass surgery,’ is a complex procedure that requires the highest level of surgical expertise. Given the intricacy and risks associated with this life-saving intervention for severe coronary artery disease, it is crucial to choose the right healthcare provider. Metro Hospitals, with a team of highly experienced cardiac surgeons specialized in CABG and cutting-edge technology, is committed to delivering patient-centered care that prioritizes overall well-being. Our dedication to medical innovation and excellence makes us a trusted choice for heart bypass surgery in India.
Heart Bypass Surgery, a type of open-heart surgery, treats individuals with blocked or narrowed coronary arteries. The goal of coronary artery bypass graft surgery is to restore blood flow to the heart muscle by creating a bypass around the narrowed or blocked coronary artery.
CABG is performed to restore adequate blood flow to the heart muscle in individuals diagnosed with severe coronary artery disease. By creating new pathways using grafts, the surgery bypasses obstructed areas, allowing improved blood flow and oxygen delivery to the heart.
Angina, characterized by chest pain or discomfort, is a common symptom of coronary artery disease. CABG alleviates angina by improving blood flow to the heart muscle, reducing the strain on the heart, and decreasing episodes of chest pain.
Reduce the Risk of Heart Attacks
Severe coronary artery disease increases the risk of heart attacks. CABG reduces this risk by bypassing diseased coronary arteries and creating new pathways for blood flow, protecting against heart muscle damage caused by heart attacks.
Improve Heart Function
Severely blocked coronary arteries can impair heart function. CABG improves heart function by restoring proper blood flow, ensuring adequate oxygen and nutrient supply to the heart muscle, and enhancing overall heart performance and quality of life.
CABG is considered when medications or angioplasty (a procedure to open narrowed arteries) are insufficient or unsuitable. It is often recommended for individuals with complex or extensive coronary artery disease, multiple blockages, or previous unsuccessful interventions, providing a more comprehensive and durable solution.
Every surgical procedure carries risks, and heart bypass surgery is no exception. Factors contributing to these risks include age, the number of bypasses needed, and preexisting medical conditions. Risks include:
Pre-existing health conditions significantly influence the specific risks associated with the procedure. Conditions like arterial blockages in the legs, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), diabetes, and kidney disease can increase the likelihood of complications. Medications are generally administered prior to the procedure to regulate bleeding, manage blood pressure, and prevent infections. For individuals with diabetes, medications to stabilize blood sugar levels may also be provided during surgery.
Medical History and Tests: The doctor will review the patient’s personal and family medical history and conduct lab, diagnostic, and imaging tests like blood tests, chest x-rays, electrocardiograms (ECGs), echocardiograms, and stress tests.
Medications: The doctor may start or stop certain medications before the procedure.
Lifestyle Changes: Quitting smoking a few weeks before surgery and regular exercise can aid post-operative healing.
How is Heart Bypass Surgery (CABG) Performed?
Anesthesia and Heart-Lung Machine: The patient is given general anesthesia, and their heart is temporarily stopped using a heart-lung machine, which takes over the functions of the heart and lungs during surgery.
Graft Harvesting: A healthy blood vessel, typically from the chest, leg, or arm, is removed for use as a bypass graft
.
Incision and Grafting: The surgeon makes a small incision in the chest to access the heart and coronary arteries. One end of the graft is sewn to the aorta, and the other end to the coronary artery beyond the blocked area.
Closure: The graft is secured, and the incision is closed.
Life After Heart Bypass Surgery (CABG)
Recovery involves a hospital stay of a few days to a week, followed by a full recovery period of 4-6 weeks or more. Medical professionals monitor vital signs, pain management, and overall recovery during the hospital stay.
A structured rehabilitation program helps patients regain physical strength and endurance through exercises, education on heart-healthy lifestyle choices, and emotional support.
Medications manage various aspects of heart health, including blood pressure, cholesterol levels, and blood thinners. It’s essential to adhere to prescribed medications and attend scheduled follow-up appointments.
A heart-healthy diet reduces the risk of further blockages. This includes reducing saturated fats, cholesterol, sodium, and added sugars while increasing fiber, fruits, vegetables, and whole grains. Smoking cessation and moderate alcohol consumption are also important.
Recovering from heart surgery can be emotionally challenging. Maintaining open communication with healthcare providers and seeking emotional support from friends, family, or support groups can be very beneficial.
Ongoing medical monitoring assesses recovery progress and manages potential complications. Regular check-ups, electrocardiograms (ECGs), stress tests & blood tests are essential components of post-bypass surgery care.
Individuals can gradually return to normal activities, including work and hobbies, as they recover, following healthcare provider guidance.
Long-term heart health involves taking medications as prescribed, attending follow-up appointments, maintaining a heart-healthy lifestyle, and addressing any emerging cardiac issues promptly.
Many people experience an improved quality of life after bypass surgery, regaining energy, having fewer symptoms of heart disease, and enjoying a better overall sense of well-being.
Recovery experiences vary, and each individual’s journey is unique. Close collaboration with healthcare providers, adherence to recommended lifestyle changes, and a strong support system contribute to a successful and fulfilling life after bypass surgery.
Coronary bypass surgery, or CABG, is performed to restore blood flow to the heart when coronary arteries are blocked or narrowed due to atherosclerosis. It involves grafting blood vessels to create new pathways for blood to reach the heart muscle.
CABG primarily treats coronary artery disease (CAD) and angina (chest pain), reducing the risk of heart attacks. It may also be used for severe heart valve disease or when other treatments are ineffective.
Individuals with significant coronary artery blockages that can’t be managed with medications or less invasive procedures may require CABG. The decision is based on the severity of the condition and overall health.
CABG frequency varies, but it is common, particularly among older adults with coronary artery disease.
Recovery time varies, typically involving a hospital stay followed by several weeks to months of rehabilitation. Most individuals resume normal activities within a few months.
CABG is necessary for individuals with coronary artery blockages causing chest pain, reduced blood flow to the heart, or a high risk of heart attack.
Before surgery, a thorough evaluation including medical tests is conducted. Preparation may involve dietary changes, medication adjustments, and lifestyle modifications.
Survival rates are generally high, depending on factors like overall health, the extent of blockages, and surgical expertise.
Risks include infection, bleeding, graft failure, and reactions to anesthesia, alongside a recovery period and lifestyle adjustments.
Repeat CABG may be needed for new blockages or failed grafts, depending on the individual’s condition.
CABG is a major procedure for life-threatening heart conditions, balancing risks and benefits under medical guidance.
Life expectancy varies; many experience improved quality of life and reduced heart-related complications.
Many maintain improved heart health and reduced symptoms, needing ongoing management and check-ups.
Success rates are generally high, improving blood flow and relieving symptoms. Outcomes vary by individual circumstances.
Heart bypass surgery is also known as coronary artery bypass grafting or CABG.
Candidates include those with multiple coronary artery blockages, left main coronary artery disease, coronary disease with diabetes, or when other treatments are inadequate.
CABG can last 3-6 hours, depending on the complexity.
Arterial grafts typically offer better long-term results than veins.
While possible, blocked arteries increase heart attack risk; managing with diet, exercise, and medical care is crucial.
Complications include wound issues, bleeding, pneumonia, and irregular heart rhythms.
The procedure can bypass up to three coronary arteries and their branches.
Yes, CABG is considered major cardiac surgery.
Benefits include improved blood flow, reduced heart attack risk, enhanced quality of life, and potentially extended life expectancy compared to non-surgical treatments for CAD.
Reviewed by Dr. Jeewan Pillai, Chief Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgeon, on 21-June-2024.
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